![]() ![]() A hallmark of science is exposing ideas to testing.Scientists use multiple research methods (experiments, observational research, comparative research, and modeling) to collect data.Scientists use multiple research methods (experiments, observations, comparisons, and modeling) to collect evidence.An organism's fitness depends on both its survival and its reproduction.An individual's fitness (or relative fitness) is the contribution that individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to other individuals in the population.Heterozygote advantage preserves genetic variation at that locus (i.e., within the population, it maintains multiple alleles at that locus).Natural selection sometimes favors heterozygotes over homozygotes at a locus.Natural selection may favor individuals with one extreme value for a trait, shifting the average value of that trait in one direction over the course of many generations.Natural selection can act on the variation in a population in different ways.Traits that confer an advantage may persist in the population and are called adaptations.Over time, the proportion of individuals with advantageous traits may increase (and the proportion with disadvantageous traits may decrease) due to their chances of surviving and reproducing.Inherited characteristics affect the likelihood of an organism's survival and reproduction.Variation of a character within a population may be discrete or continuous.Phenotype is a product of both genotype and the organism's interactions with the environment.Natural selection and genetic drift act on the variation that exists in a population.Evolution results from natural selection acting upon genetic variation within a population.The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes expectations about the gene pool of a population that isn't evolving, that is large, mates randomly, doesn't experience mutation, natural selection, or gene flow.Evolution is often defined as a change in allele frequencies within a population.Fitness is reproductive success - the number of viable offspring produced by an individual in comparison to other individuals in a population/species.Depending on environmental conditions, inherited characteristics may be advantageous, neutral, or detrimental.Over time, the proportion of individuals with advantageous characteristics may increase due to their likelihood of surviving and reproducing.Natural selection is dependent on environmental conditions.Organisms cannot intentionally produce adaptive mutations in response to environmental influences.New heritable traits can result from recombinations of existing genes or from genetic mutations in reproductive cells.The amount of genetic variation in a population may affect the chances of survival of the population the less diversity, the less likely the population will be able to survive environmental change.Natural selection acts on phenotype as an expression of genotype.Natural selection acts on the variation that exists in a population.Evolution results from selection acting upon genetic variation within a population.Environmental changes may provide opportunities that can influence natural selection.The number of offspring that survive to reproduce successfully is limited by environmental factors.Individual organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and have offspring.Traits that are advantageous often persist in a population.The variation that occurs within a population is random. ![]() Variation is the result of genetic recombination or mutation.There is variation within a population.Evolution results from natural selection acting upon variation within a population.There is a fit between organisms and their environments, though not always a perfect fit.There is a fit between the form of a trait and its function, though not always a perfect fit.Information on controversies in the public arena relating to evolution.Alignment with the Next Generation Science Standards.The big issues – Pacing, diversity, complexity, and trends.Macroevolution – Evolution above the species level.Microevolution – Evolution within a population.Mechanisms: the processes of evolution – Selection, mutation, migration, and more.The history of life: looking at the patterns – Change over time and shared ancestors.An introduction to evolution: what is evolution and how does it work?. ![]()
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